The day on which Venezuela joined MERCOSUR
"MERCOSUR has very clear rules that do not allow any member to negotiate free trade agreements outside the block." This phrase Natalio Jamer, Minister Director of Latin American Economic Integration of Chancery Argentina, seems to leave no doubts about the strict regime that the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) established with respect to the relations of its member countries in the world market.
MERCOSUR Parliament began operation in early May 2007 and was designed to institutionalize the block and give permanence and political autonomy. However, while some believe that the establishment of parliament began to build the real integration, consolidation seems far away.
"We hope that parliament will serve to generate a balanced and effective institutional framework in MERCOSUR, which allows creating rules that are effective and ensure a climate of legal certainty and predictability. Also to stimulate the formation of a collective consciousness of citizens and community values \u200b\u200bto reflect the pluralism and diversity of the region, and contribute to democracy, participation, representation and transparency, "said Silvia Lospennato, a member of High Level Technical Drafting the Protocol establishing the MERCOSUR Parliament.
Unfortunately, for now none of these objectives seems to materialize and the parliament is increasingly static. So in the last year the economic bloc of the South have become a breeding ground for Venezuelan President Hugo Rafael Chávez, to engage increasingly close ties to his announced plan to integrate Latin America. In this context, the entry of Venezuela as a full member of this body is not a utopia. Venezuela is the fifth full member prominent, a condition that does not have a view of obtaining Chile despite being the closest associate of the block and the oldest along with Bolivia. Chavez comes loaded with petrodollars necessary for highly indebted economies, and a generous offer to finance the purchase of increasingly scarce oil, looking like counterpart abundant agricultural products essential to achieve your dream one day of food sovereignty. But the road to becoming a full member of MERCOSUR is long and complicated, the acceptance of Venezuela will materialize only after they meet a series of tariff requirements and a list of commitments are difficult to reconcile.
As explained by the deputy director of MERCOSUR Integration Affairs and the Uruguayan Foreign Ministry, Nelson Fernandez, Venezuela uses the open door in the Asuncion Treaty in Article 20 of its statute, which authorizes the entry of any member country of the Latin American Integration Association, provided that such request is accepted by the four member states, as is true in this case after the formal request made in August.
"For us the entry of Venezuela is very important, helps us create a vertebra of South American integration. That is our vision and we have always made clear in front of the Brazilian Congress, "he said Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim, at a meeting he had with Chavez, according to the Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias (ABN).
However, the growing links between the Venezuelan government and southernmost countries worsen lousy day to day relationship between the president and opposition media in your country. For its part, coinciding with much of the press and the scandal of the bag with money intercepted in Argentina still latent, the Caracas newspaper El Universal said that such negotiations are only the tip of the iceberg of a continent of irregularities "and" strange triangle with the southern end. "
But beyond the views that may arise from the media opposing the Chavez government, many areas in the southern tip frown integration of Venezuela to MERCOSUR, taking into account the significant benefits energy that the country could bring to the region. "Venezuela will provide oil profile of the Southern Common Market," said Nahuel Oddone, Coordinator of Latin American integration area of \u200b\u200bthe Argentine Center of International Studies (CAEI) and expanded: "In addition to the possible construction of the pipeline announced by Chávez southern is likely to materialize the partnership between energy giant PDVSA, the company ENARSA Argentina and Brazil's Petrobras. "
However, all eyes are optimistic about the potential arrival of this new member. "Chavez is the best agent that the CIA has in South America" jokes with a tinge of seriousness Lavopa Jorge, Director of Latin American Affairs of the Argentine Center of International Relations (CARI), on the aims of the Venezuelan leader in the region, and explained his idea: "Contrary to what he says, Chávez has benefited American interests much more than they have hurt, not go further to dismantle the Andean Community. " Then, to the point, Lavopa stressed that "there is a possibility that happen with the MERCOSUR."
Without straying too far from the latter idea, Natalio Jamer said that to fully explore this issue is necessary to understand that economic ties between Venezuela and the U.S. are very strong. Among other things, owns the South American country of 12,000 service stations on U.S. soil, "then declared:" This is a definition that, if the hear the authorities of Venezuela, they may be uncomfortable, but it is a fact of life, the case. " Furthermore
Romeo Perez, Director, in Uruguay, the Institute of Latin American Centre of Human Economics, and Professor of Political Science at the University of the Republic, said: "It's a very atypical entry process for what is the experience of Latin American integration, as it aims to solve compatibility tariff, trade and economic in just six months or a year from a new partner and a block that already has almost 15 years. And he warned, among the most negative consequences for Venezuela by opening their borders to free trade zone of MERCOSUR, on the "invasion" of agro-food products will suffer, with very weak sectors in the area, especially from Argentina, one of the largest agricultural exporters in the world, and Brazil, prolific in tropical foods.
Opinions vary, but the fact is that Western oil giant is increasingly coming to join the Southern Cone economic bloc. On this issue, an article published last month in Los Angeles Times highlights a specific event, which seems to be more visible from the northern tip of the continent: "It is the economic needs of South American countries which make them more receptive to a demagogue and populist leader, but his historical memory is fragile. "
Thursday, July 10, 2008
Tuesday, May 20, 2008
Monday, March 31, 2008
How Can You Get Herpes On Your Stomach
From what I
in this body in which life gets dark and I live
soft belly and bald head
few teeth in. And I
As a convicted
I'm in and I'm in love And I'm old
decipher my pain with poetry
And the result is especially painful
Voices that say, here come your anguish
broken Voices: your days are past now.
Poetry is the only company
Get used to your knives,
What is unique. Raúl Gómez Jattin
Dazzled by the desire
Instant
lightning
You poke your appearance suddenly
In a whirlwind of fire and music
Where to disappear.
dazzles my eyes and stay in the air. Raúl Gómez Jattin
who never understood
You were a witness or included indolent
Neither helped the victim.
You were an accomplice of perfidy and ignorance
tacitly accepted that the man was not worth it.
when brought to the slaughterhouse
was near him and just looks lavish him with resentment. When you were asked
If that friend who appeared in his poems was you What you denied
angry.
Today, we live among everyday things
Did you forget that time illustrious feet
When you had your poetry?. Raúl Gómez Jattin
in this body in which life gets dark and I live
soft belly and bald head
few teeth in. And I
As a convicted
I'm in and I'm in love And I'm old
decipher my pain with poetry
And the result is especially painful
Voices that say, here come your anguish
broken Voices: your days are past now.
Poetry is the only company
Get used to your knives,
What is unique. Raúl Gómez Jattin
Dazzled by the desire
Instant
lightning
You poke your appearance suddenly
In a whirlwind of fire and music
Where to disappear.
dazzles my eyes and stay in the air. Raúl Gómez Jattin
who never understood
You were a witness or included indolent
Neither helped the victim.
You were an accomplice of perfidy and ignorance
tacitly accepted that the man was not worth it.
when brought to the slaughterhouse
was near him and just looks lavish him with resentment. When you were asked
If that friend who appeared in his poems was you What you denied
angry.
Today, we live among everyday things
Did you forget that time illustrious feet
When you had your poetry?. Raúl Gómez Jattin
Monday, March 3, 2008
2nd Birthday Invitation Phrase
For Africa, more and more difficult
There are many gangs in the world and there are many areas in which they operate, neither tolerable. But the African continent is suffering the worst of all, you pay with their lives.
most prevalent in Kenya two diseases: AIDS and Tuberculosis.
That is because the country was chosen to experience a new drug developed by the pharmaceutical industry for tuberculosis.
In the film The Constant Gardener / Constant Gardener (2005), which is an adaptation of John Le Carre's book published in 2001, where with a particular view shows the medical practice in developing countries, are reflected in AIDS treatment, as well as studying new treatments for diseases such as TB *.
We demonstrate a reality that perhaps guess, but little understood, and inequality toward African people.
to fight the disease tuberculosis treatment is provided in tablets of a new therapeutic tool called Dypraxa.
Health systems are struggling with the pharmaceutical industry to achieve the production of generic drugs to reduce costs.
In countries such as Namibia, one of the richest in the South West Africa continue to increase AIDS cases, despite the drug companies sell their patented products at prices much lower, they remain inaccessible to the population. Patent in hand is not possible to produce antiretroviral drugs at lower cost to those who could access most affected in those countries. In Africa there are 24.5 million people affected by HIV / AIDS, 71% of world population affected. Are subjected to a double "industrial dictatorship" in which the drug under any circumstances give up the benefits and the increased traffic of goods de imitación. Las redes de tráfico ilegal venden cada vez más en el tercer mundo medicamentos que no son tales, como cápsulas llenas de azúcar que se supone que van a bajar la fiebre de los niños o aliviar los dolores, están a la orden del día y, en muchos casos, producen la muerte de quien los toma pensando que son auténticas.
En palabras de la Directora de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Margaret Chan, "la salud y los intereses de la propiedad son irreconciliables". Uno de los casos más llamativos es el de la empresa alemana Bayer, una de las empresas farmacéuticas con mayores beneficios del mundo y comprometida con el desarrollo sostenible. Bayer tiene proyectos en varios países, relacionados climate change and air pollution, programs to combat racism, reconstruction, among others. But it is curious that no programs have access to medicines for those most in need, where their activity is the production of them. It has accused the German company to sell unsafe drugs to third world in the 80's, while in Europe and the United States selling more advanced. Only in Hong Kong and Taiwan, more than 100 hemophiliacs contracted HIV * to consume unsafe products (Factor VIII *). Bayer has finished paying the victims the sum of $ 600 million in compensation after years of trials.
In fact, it demands a different treatment for the Third World.
TRIPS international agreements related to the Patent Law, guarantee 20 years of patent medicines.
Back in Doha, capital of Qatar, was claimed by a change or at least a relaxation of these agreements.
While the older drugs are free from patent, new drugs are subject to protection and unaffordable for developing countries and even developed countries. After 11 September, the United States did not hesitate to threaten to produce themselves Bayer Cipro, patented antibiotics against Anthrax, the high price at which the pharmacist refused to sell. In the end, they negotiated the price reduction, and the final consumer tablet has a cost of over $ 4. For the American pocket is not much, but if you move for example to Cuba, where the average monthly wage is U.S. $ s 10, would cost about half the salary.
Ethics is the scientific discipline that studies the correctness and goodness of human behavior. The analysis of the behavior of those involved in the case of drug development does not follow the guidelines of kindness, but the benefit of his own, and that hide the negative results being inimical to their interests. This is because there is no independence between producer and manager of the drug in the country of testing. To be a common benefit, and not properly follow the protocol for marking prior to the completion of the trial, flagrantly violates the ethics of that process.
When an investigation in which people participate, it must satisfy certain basic conditions, which are informed consent and privacy, intimacy and anonymity of the information obtained in the studies. In regard to informed consent, the most important from the ethical point of view is not obtained, but the process you get. This process must have a number of features fundamental, first has to provide sufficient information, which must be understood by the person who will take part in the study, and finally, enter it voluntarily and can leave when you want, without any coercion by the organizer or other members. To carry out the study on Dypraxa, the film is reported not only that the patient is informed of the effects, beneficial or harmful, but also has no choice, as the refuse to take the drug test involves the loss of health care provision. This fact is noted on the card, health where there is a field that is populated with a cross with the initials IC (indicating informed and under), not receiving any information the trial participant.
* Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by various species of mycobacterium , is the only genus of bacteria Mycobacteriaceace. The genus includes pathogens that cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy.
* Hemophilia: A genetic condition that is the inability of blood to clot.
* Factor VIII clotting factors are a group of proteins responsible for activating the clotting process. There are identified 13 factors, Factor I, II, III, ... ... ... XIII.
There are many gangs in the world and there are many areas in which they operate, neither tolerable. But the African continent is suffering the worst of all, you pay with their lives.
most prevalent in Kenya two diseases: AIDS and Tuberculosis.
That is because the country was chosen to experience a new drug developed by the pharmaceutical industry for tuberculosis.
In the film The Constant Gardener / Constant Gardener (2005), which is an adaptation of John Le Carre's book published in 2001, where with a particular view shows the medical practice in developing countries, are reflected in AIDS treatment, as well as studying new treatments for diseases such as TB *.
We demonstrate a reality that perhaps guess, but little understood, and inequality toward African people.
to fight the disease tuberculosis treatment is provided in tablets of a new therapeutic tool called Dypraxa.
Health systems are struggling with the pharmaceutical industry to achieve the production of generic drugs to reduce costs.
In countries such as Namibia, one of the richest in the South West Africa continue to increase AIDS cases, despite the drug companies sell their patented products at prices much lower, they remain inaccessible to the population. Patent in hand is not possible to produce antiretroviral drugs at lower cost to those who could access most affected in those countries. In Africa there are 24.5 million people affected by HIV / AIDS, 71% of world population affected. Are subjected to a double "industrial dictatorship" in which the drug under any circumstances give up the benefits and the increased traffic of goods de imitación. Las redes de tráfico ilegal venden cada vez más en el tercer mundo medicamentos que no son tales, como cápsulas llenas de azúcar que se supone que van a bajar la fiebre de los niños o aliviar los dolores, están a la orden del día y, en muchos casos, producen la muerte de quien los toma pensando que son auténticas.
En palabras de la Directora de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Margaret Chan, "la salud y los intereses de la propiedad son irreconciliables". Uno de los casos más llamativos es el de la empresa alemana Bayer, una de las empresas farmacéuticas con mayores beneficios del mundo y comprometida con el desarrollo sostenible. Bayer tiene proyectos en varios países, relacionados climate change and air pollution, programs to combat racism, reconstruction, among others. But it is curious that no programs have access to medicines for those most in need, where their activity is the production of them. It has accused the German company to sell unsafe drugs to third world in the 80's, while in Europe and the United States selling more advanced. Only in Hong Kong and Taiwan, more than 100 hemophiliacs contracted HIV * to consume unsafe products (Factor VIII *). Bayer has finished paying the victims the sum of $ 600 million in compensation after years of trials.
In fact, it demands a different treatment for the Third World.
TRIPS international agreements related to the Patent Law, guarantee 20 years of patent medicines.
Back in Doha, capital of Qatar, was claimed by a change or at least a relaxation of these agreements.
While the older drugs are free from patent, new drugs are subject to protection and unaffordable for developing countries and even developed countries. After 11 September, the United States did not hesitate to threaten to produce themselves Bayer Cipro, patented antibiotics against Anthrax, the high price at which the pharmacist refused to sell. In the end, they negotiated the price reduction, and the final consumer tablet has a cost of over $ 4. For the American pocket is not much, but if you move for example to Cuba, where the average monthly wage is U.S. $ s 10, would cost about half the salary.
Ethics is the scientific discipline that studies the correctness and goodness of human behavior. The analysis of the behavior of those involved in the case of drug development does not follow the guidelines of kindness, but the benefit of his own, and that hide the negative results being inimical to their interests. This is because there is no independence between producer and manager of the drug in the country of testing. To be a common benefit, and not properly follow the protocol for marking prior to the completion of the trial, flagrantly violates the ethics of that process.
When an investigation in which people participate, it must satisfy certain basic conditions, which are informed consent and privacy, intimacy and anonymity of the information obtained in the studies. In regard to informed consent, the most important from the ethical point of view is not obtained, but the process you get. This process must have a number of features fundamental, first has to provide sufficient information, which must be understood by the person who will take part in the study, and finally, enter it voluntarily and can leave when you want, without any coercion by the organizer or other members. To carry out the study on Dypraxa, the film is reported not only that the patient is informed of the effects, beneficial or harmful, but also has no choice, as the refuse to take the drug test involves the loss of health care provision. This fact is noted on the card, health where there is a field that is populated with a cross with the initials IC (indicating informed and under), not receiving any information the trial participant.
* Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by various species of mycobacterium , is the only genus of bacteria Mycobacteriaceace. The genus includes pathogens that cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy.
* Hemophilia: A genetic condition that is the inability of blood to clot.
* Factor VIII clotting factors are a group of proteins responsible for activating the clotting process. There are identified 13 factors, Factor I, II, III, ... ... ... XIII.
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Skin Complaints More Condition_symptoms
Controversy over missile shield: Russia-United States
U.S. plans to install a missile shield in Eastern Europe, more precisely in Czech Republic and Poland, led to a dispute with Russia and sparked the memory of the Cold War.
The controversy between the two powers began early last year when the U.S. administration announced that its projects were pointed out to place a missile security shield to prevent an attack on Europe by North Korea or Iran. This angered the Russian Federation, in response, announced it was suspending demilitarization treaty signed between the two countries in 1990, as it believes that the system will affect their industry and its major cities, and in retaliation, will increase its military potential.
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice described as "absurd" the Russian president's concerns, while the U.S. president, George Bush, said that "Russia is not the enemy", and tried to calm the tone of the dispute Putin keeps noting: "The Cold War is over."
in June by a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the summit of the G8 countries, with George Bush, his Russian counterpart, Vladirmir Putin proposed, seeking to avoid the construction of the shield, the joint use of the Gabala radar base in Azerbaijan, to monitor possible attacks from Iran to European whites, a danger that Bush had put forward to justify the installation of a radar in the Czech Republic and ten interceptors in Poland, which had provoked harsh reactions in Russia, which saw this as a threat to their safety.
Putin's proposal was hailed by Bush as an "interesting idea", and agreed to study it, but did not give up the deployment of the shield in Eastern Europe.
In response, the Russian president, argued that it will target Russian missiles Europe was the first time since the end of the Cold War, if Washington does not back down in your project, and threatened: "If deployment of a missile shield in Europe, today warned, will be answered. We need to ensure our security ", to which U.S. and NATO responded:" The threat of Putin is useless and unhelpful. "
For his part, Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, said, on 6 February in Warsaw that his country has not yet made a final decision with regard to the location within its territory of elements of the U.S. missile defense. He added that: " any event in Polish-Russian relations should be aware that Poland is a member of the European Union and NATO and has relations with the U.S. ally. "
Referring Tusk's visit to Bladimir Putin on February 8 in the Kremlin, the Russian Prime Minister Victor Zubkov said: "This visit is an important milestone in the development of Russian-Polish relations. We want to have as its foundation respect for the interests of each party and is governed by the principle of good neighborliness, "and pledged that Russia would" continue to develop cooperation with Poland, its neighbor and partner in the political, economic, commercial, cultural and humanitarian law. " Furthermore
Deputy Russian Defense Alexander Kolmakov, argued at the meeting of the heads of the military departments of Russia-NATO Council, which plans to NATO, Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty, to integrate into your security system the U.S. missile shield affect relations between NATO and Russia.
Many experts believe that today the only power that can overcome the U.S. missile shield, Russia. But according to Russian risk perception is not contemporary, but the future is the technology gap after suffering Russia on the Western powers.
Something to note is that Russia supported the U.S. policy in different landscapes and have not received anything in return, so the code that inspired the movements of Bush, is that Russia will not be reborn as a great power.
What many call "The New Cold War", is very far from it because, in principle, there are now only a hegemonic power relations are not strained. Besides Putin is present in the G8, and the scenario is not the same as in the Cold War or the game, or structures operating time.
They could ask the inhabitants of the Russian people, but especially the Polish and Czech people, whether they like to live under a custody based on a missile shield and within a conflict controversial because it has military power as one or the other has, as ultimately, or at least demonstrate that the rulers, "working for the good of his people and for their development."
The controversy between the two powers began early last year when the U.S. administration announced that its projects were pointed out to place a missile security shield to prevent an attack on Europe by North Korea or Iran. This angered the Russian Federation, in response, announced it was suspending demilitarization treaty signed between the two countries in 1990, as it believes that the system will affect their industry and its major cities, and in retaliation, will increase its military potential.
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice described as "absurd" the Russian president's concerns, while the U.S. president, George Bush, said that "Russia is not the enemy", and tried to calm the tone of the dispute Putin keeps noting: "The Cold War is over."
in June by a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the summit of the G8 countries, with George Bush, his Russian counterpart, Vladirmir Putin proposed, seeking to avoid the construction of the shield, the joint use of the Gabala radar base in Azerbaijan, to monitor possible attacks from Iran to European whites, a danger that Bush had put forward to justify the installation of a radar in the Czech Republic and ten interceptors in Poland, which had provoked harsh reactions in Russia, which saw this as a threat to their safety.
Putin's proposal was hailed by Bush as an "interesting idea", and agreed to study it, but did not give up the deployment of the shield in Eastern Europe.
In response, the Russian president, argued that it will target Russian missiles Europe was the first time since the end of the Cold War, if Washington does not back down in your project, and threatened: "If deployment of a missile shield in Europe, today warned, will be answered. We need to ensure our security ", to which U.S. and NATO responded:" The threat of Putin is useless and unhelpful. "
For his part, Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, said, on 6 February in Warsaw that his country has not yet made a final decision with regard to the location within its territory of elements of the U.S. missile defense. He added that: " any event in Polish-Russian relations should be aware that Poland is a member of the European Union and NATO and has relations with the U.S. ally. "
Referring Tusk's visit to Bladimir Putin on February 8 in the Kremlin, the Russian Prime Minister Victor Zubkov said: "This visit is an important milestone in the development of Russian-Polish relations. We want to have as its foundation respect for the interests of each party and is governed by the principle of good neighborliness, "and pledged that Russia would" continue to develop cooperation with Poland, its neighbor and partner in the political, economic, commercial, cultural and humanitarian law. " Furthermore
Deputy Russian Defense Alexander Kolmakov, argued at the meeting of the heads of the military departments of Russia-NATO Council, which plans to NATO, Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty, to integrate into your security system the U.S. missile shield affect relations between NATO and Russia.
Many experts believe that today the only power that can overcome the U.S. missile shield, Russia. But according to Russian risk perception is not contemporary, but the future is the technology gap after suffering Russia on the Western powers.
Something to note is that Russia supported the U.S. policy in different landscapes and have not received anything in return, so the code that inspired the movements of Bush, is that Russia will not be reborn as a great power.
What many call "The New Cold War", is very far from it because, in principle, there are now only a hegemonic power relations are not strained. Besides Putin is present in the G8, and the scenario is not the same as in the Cold War or the game, or structures operating time.
They could ask the inhabitants of the Russian people, but especially the Polish and Czech people, whether they like to live under a custody based on a missile shield and within a conflict controversial because it has military power as one or the other has, as ultimately, or at least demonstrate that the rulers, "working for the good of his people and for their development."
Monday, February 11, 2008
Wedding Program Thankyou
No more blood for the Food
When you communicate with your cell phone, that little device that makes it easier to link between people, you may not know that manufacturing is turning a mineral called coltan. Maybe hear names, but you may not know exactly what those less concerned and where it comes from or how it is obtained.
And if you got lucky enough to travel in one of these modern trains that travel over 300 km time, it is good to know that this wonder of technology has its presence coltan.
is called the mineral coltan columbite-tantalite which two metals are extracted vital for society: the tantalum and niobium (formerly called columbium). His name is a contraction of columbite-tantalite. Gradually, he began to be marketed as an excellent raw material for the development of new technologies.
This mineral is essential for the electronics industry, nuclear plants, space objects, ballistic missiles, video games, medical diagnostic equipment noninvasive train without wheels (magnetic), fiber optic cables, a long list of other things. However, 60 percent of its production goes to the production of capacitors and other parts of the cell phones. With it, the batteries of handheld minicelulares longer hold its charge, since the next-generation microchips that he made optimize power consumption.
The large increase in demand caused the emergence of a parallel black market in central Africa. In the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire), considered by UNESCO major ecological reserves, is 80 percent of world reserves of coltan. There have been interest, especially in the last ten years, the majors Nokia, Ericsonn, Siemens, Sony, Bayer, Intel, Hitachi, IBM and many others. They were trained in the area a number of companies, most of them ghosts, associated between large transnational capital, local governments and state military forces or guerrilla, for the extraction of coltan and other minerals like copper, gold and industrial diamonds.
All licenses for purchase and sale were abolished in late 2000, but continued trading illegally.
While the governments of African countries are vying for territory and further impoverished more, if possible, to their villages, joint ventures share the economic control of the region. Including transportation control. Military areas of international airports in Kigali, capital of Rwanda and Entebbe, Uganda's capital, are a clear example of "no taxes or tariffs." The trip to the Congo flights carrying weapons traveling back and minerals.
For many African countries in the late twentieth century, the devaluation of agricultural products, and desertification, caused a marked appreciation of its mineral resources, new phase of wandering way to relate to the international market. Most of the coltan extracted, then to be accumulated to raise prices, it is destined for the United States, Germany, Belgium and Kazakhstan. The Bayer subsidiary is the producer of 50 percent of tantalum powder worldwide. With traffic and development are linked dozens of companies, involved in monopolistic corporations from different countries. Big companies fund the various military forces, which mounted on the existing ethnic conflicts, support a war for control of mines, which in the past four years have killed about three million people. Rwanda and Uganda have spread to some 40 000 soldiers, who have the best teams in National Parks the DRC, where are the reserves. According to the same Kofi Annan, seventh Secretary General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize, said: "Congo's war is being waged for control of its natural wealth." In a report IPIS, research information service for the independent International Peace, we show that European and American companies who sell coltan to help finance the war. They have a great interest in the continued insecurity in the Congo to stay through guerrilla troops.
coltan mines in the daily work more than 20 thousand men, under a repressive system organized by the forces military and local authorities, the two sides in the debate that until now still at war, the Movement for the Liberation of Congo, Congolese Rally for Democracy, on the one hand, and the DRC on the other. Workers are paid about ten dollars a kilo of coltan, while in London every kilo of mineral listed between 250 and 300 dollars. The labor force is, in general, ex-farmers and ranchers who do not have to feed their families, plus thousands of children in the region, whose bodies can easily get into the seams flush with the ground.
This way of working has caused, is causing and will continue to cause deaths of millions of Africans.
Capital, therefore not responsible for the entire reproduction of this labor force, which also provide the added value of mineral production, provides a kind of labor rent metamorphosed.
miners suffering from overexploitation. Dan coltan value to their work, pay a tribute to the local state and also work to ensure the livelihood, food and shelter.
-military, local militias and rebels are involved in smuggling, while illegal profits the fund. Intermediaries will
-smugglers buy and sell their products to corporations and little profit left for the Democratic Republic of Congo. Superprofits
invested capital gain you get exorbitant fees, made with the indispensable support of repression and forced labor. As is traditional in Africa, racism, xenophobia and discriminatory ideology in general, are essential for the operation of the dual labor market, wage and forced labor. NO FREE .
Coltan is a source of wealth should be harnessed for the benefit of the Congo and not a tie that oppress their people.
When you communicate with your cell phone, that little device that makes it easier to link between people, you may not know that manufacturing is turning a mineral called coltan. Maybe hear names, but you may not know exactly what those less concerned and where it comes from or how it is obtained. And if you got lucky enough to travel in one of these modern trains that travel over 300 km time, it is good to know that this wonder of technology has its presence coltan.
is called the mineral coltan columbite-tantalite which two metals are extracted vital for society: the tantalum and niobium (formerly called columbium). His name is a contraction of columbite-tantalite. Gradually, he began to be marketed as an excellent raw material for the development of new technologies.
This mineral is essential for the electronics industry, nuclear plants, space objects, ballistic missiles, video games, medical diagnostic equipment noninvasive train without wheels (magnetic), fiber optic cables, a long list of other things. However, 60 percent of its production goes to the production of capacitors and other parts of the cell phones. With it, the batteries of handheld minicelulares longer hold its charge, since the next-generation microchips that he made optimize power consumption.
The large increase in demand caused the emergence of a parallel black market in central Africa. In the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire), considered by UNESCO major ecological reserves, is 80 percent of world reserves of coltan. There have been interest, especially in the last ten years, the majors Nokia, Ericsonn, Siemens, Sony, Bayer, Intel, Hitachi, IBM and many others. They were trained in the area a number of companies, most of them ghosts, associated between large transnational capital, local governments and state military forces or guerrilla, for the extraction of coltan and other minerals like copper, gold and industrial diamonds.
All licenses for purchase and sale were abolished in late 2000, but continued trading illegally.
While the governments of African countries are vying for territory and further impoverished more, if possible, to their villages, joint ventures share the economic control of the region. Including transportation control. Military areas of international airports in Kigali, capital of Rwanda and Entebbe, Uganda's capital, are a clear example of "no taxes or tariffs." The trip to the Congo flights carrying weapons traveling back and minerals.
For many African countries in the late twentieth century, the devaluation of agricultural products, and desertification, caused a marked appreciation of its mineral resources, new phase of wandering way to relate to the international market. Most of the coltan extracted, then to be accumulated to raise prices, it is destined for the United States, Germany, Belgium and Kazakhstan. The Bayer subsidiary is the producer of 50 percent of tantalum powder worldwide. With traffic and development are linked dozens of companies, involved in monopolistic corporations from different countries. Big companies fund the various military forces, which mounted on the existing ethnic conflicts, support a war for control of mines, which in the past four years have killed about three million people. Rwanda and Uganda have spread to some 40 000 soldiers, who have the best teams in National Parks the DRC, where are the reserves. According to the same Kofi Annan, seventh Secretary General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize, said: "Congo's war is being waged for control of its natural wealth." In a report IPIS, research information service for the independent International Peace, we show that European and American companies who sell coltan to help finance the war. They have a great interest in the continued insecurity in the Congo to stay through guerrilla troops.
coltan mines in the daily work more than 20 thousand men, under a repressive system organized by the forces military and local authorities, the two sides in the debate that until now still at war, the Movement for the Liberation of Congo, Congolese Rally for Democracy, on the one hand, and the DRC on the other. Workers are paid about ten dollars a kilo of coltan, while in London every kilo of mineral listed between 250 and 300 dollars. The labor force is, in general, ex-farmers and ranchers who do not have to feed their families, plus thousands of children in the region, whose bodies can easily get into the seams flush with the ground.
This way of working has caused, is causing and will continue to cause deaths of millions of Africans.
Capital, therefore not responsible for the entire reproduction of this labor force, which also provide the added value of mineral production, provides a kind of labor rent metamorphosed.
miners suffering from overexploitation. Dan coltan value to their work, pay a tribute to the local state and also work to ensure the livelihood, food and shelter.
-military, local militias and rebels are involved in smuggling, while illegal profits the fund. Intermediaries will
-smugglers buy and sell their products to corporations and little profit left for the Democratic Republic of Congo. Superprofits
invested capital gain you get exorbitant fees, made with the indispensable support of repression and forced labor. As is traditional in Africa, racism, xenophobia and discriminatory ideology in general, are essential for the operation of the dual labor market, wage and forced labor. NO FREE .
Coltan is a source of wealth should be harnessed for the benefit of the Congo and not a tie that oppress their people.
Friday, February 1, 2008
Blurry Vision More Condition_symptoms.
coltan more expensive because of Oil
On the rising price of cooking oil, the slum dwellers Asia's largest, Mumbai, India, are forced to ration every drop.
The scarcity and high price of palm oil, soybean oil and other vegetable oils are an example of a growing global problem, the rising food prices.
The food price index of the Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture, FAO, based on export prices of sixty food, increased by 37 percent last year and had already increased 14 in 2006. Since September, the trend accelerated.
According to the organization in recent months, food riots erupted in Guinea, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Uzbekistan and Yemen. No food increase this semester, as fast as the so-called edible oils.
In Western cooking oil may seem a trivial expense, but in the developing world is an important source of calories and represents one of the major expenses of poor families, which grow some of their own food, but they have buy oil for cooking.
In Malaysia, workers pick the fruit of the palms, but the oil obtained from such fruit prices rose 70 percent in 2007.
In Mumbai, 250 mm people buy palm oil for food for his family for 41 cents.
The worst victims of the rise in food prices in urban areas are poorer Asian countries with lower incomes.
The reaction of some families living in slum areas of Mumbai, consisting of six to nine members, of which only one works, was eating fish once a week instead of two, cooking a few vegetables and reduce consumption of rice.
In 2007 the conversion of palm oil fuel is a huge growth in demand, but in recent weeks the price increase affected the sector. On the coast of Malaysia refinery has the capacity to make 105,000 metric tons of palm per year by 100,000 metric tons of a fuel called biodiesel, as well as valuable byproducts like glycerin.
Mission Biofuels, an Australian company, finished the refinery in December.
But prices rose as the company can not cover costs and decided to stop work while searching for a new strategy.
Almost half the increase in world demand for vegetable oils last year, was for biofuels, and accounted for seven percent of total oil consumption, according to Oil World, a forecasting service in Hamburg, Germany.
The development of biodiesel was and is controversial, not only because it competes with the use of oil la alimentación, sino también por las consecuencias ambientales.
La advertencia de que se están talando selvas para crear plantaciones de palmas de aceite que destruyen el hábitat de orangutanes y rinocerontes de Sumatra y liberan gases de efecto invernadero, viene de hace tiempo y es reforzada en la actualidad por grupos conservacionistas europeos. Pero al parecer, las grandes potencias mundiales parecen darle más importancia a los negociados y no al medio ambiente y a la creciente y hambrienta población mundial.
Santiago García Cancio
Informes: Andrew Martin
Michael Rubenstein
New York Times
On the rising price of cooking oil, the slum dwellers Asia's largest, Mumbai, India, are forced to ration every drop.
The scarcity and high price of palm oil, soybean oil and other vegetable oils are an example of a growing global problem, the rising food prices.
The food price index of the Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture, FAO, based on export prices of sixty food, increased by 37 percent last year and had already increased 14 in 2006. Since September, the trend accelerated.
According to the organization in recent months, food riots erupted in Guinea, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Uzbekistan and Yemen. No food increase this semester, as fast as the so-called edible oils.
In Western cooking oil may seem a trivial expense, but in the developing world is an important source of calories and represents one of the major expenses of poor families, which grow some of their own food, but they have buy oil for cooking.
In Malaysia, workers pick the fruit of the palms, but the oil obtained from such fruit prices rose 70 percent in 2007.
In Mumbai, 250 mm people buy palm oil for food for his family for 41 cents.
The worst victims of the rise in food prices in urban areas are poorer Asian countries with lower incomes.
The reaction of some families living in slum areas of Mumbai, consisting of six to nine members, of which only one works, was eating fish once a week instead of two, cooking a few vegetables and reduce consumption of rice.
In 2007 the conversion of palm oil fuel is a huge growth in demand, but in recent weeks the price increase affected the sector. On the coast of Malaysia refinery has the capacity to make 105,000 metric tons of palm per year by 100,000 metric tons of a fuel called biodiesel, as well as valuable byproducts like glycerin.
Mission Biofuels, an Australian company, finished the refinery in December.
But prices rose as the company can not cover costs and decided to stop work while searching for a new strategy.
Almost half the increase in world demand for vegetable oils last year, was for biofuels, and accounted for seven percent of total oil consumption, according to Oil World, a forecasting service in Hamburg, Germany.
The development of biodiesel was and is controversial, not only because it competes with the use of oil la alimentación, sino también por las consecuencias ambientales.
La advertencia de que se están talando selvas para crear plantaciones de palmas de aceite que destruyen el hábitat de orangutanes y rinocerontes de Sumatra y liberan gases de efecto invernadero, viene de hace tiempo y es reforzada en la actualidad por grupos conservacionistas europeos. Pero al parecer, las grandes potencias mundiales parecen darle más importancia a los negociados y no al medio ambiente y a la creciente y hambrienta población mundial.
Santiago García Cancio
Informes: Andrew Martin
Michael Rubenstein
New York Times
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)